Case Analysis Essay Example for Free

Case Analysis Essay This case centers around how Toyota as a vehicle maker is hoping to get more individuals to relocate from gas fueled vehicles to condition well disposed half and half vehicle assortment. The case takes a gander at the car advertise and explicitly the mixture and energy unit classification showcase in extraordinary detail. The car business all in all is exceptionally reliant on government guidelines and councils. There were a ton of star half and half and ace Fuel cell enactments that were passed by the California State government which the specialists felt that involved time before it would be embraced by different states and would before long become Federal Law. The general pattern in the midst of American clients has been to move from bigger vehicles of American makers to the littler and better eco-friendliness Japanese vehicles. It has additionally been noticed that with time the adequacy of cross breed vehicles has been expanding and a few states like California are embracing it more effectively than others like Memphis. Mechanically, while Fuel Cells were the cleanest type of vehicle power accessible, examines had demonstrated that the all out effect of separating hydrogen and afterward utilizing it in a phone was considerably more noteworthy than a gas controlled vehicle. Likewise, specialists felt that it will be 10-20 additional years prior to the power device innovation is sufficient. Toyota had contributed and focused on creating limit with respect to the half breed vehicles while its opposition had just taken a gander at mixtures as an impermanent fix and were campaigning against specific laws. Whenever forced, these laws would bring about an a lot more appeal of half breeds. The new cross breed advances set up by Toyota likewise guaranteed a similar driving encounter likewise with other American muscles vehicles. Issue Definition : The Problem before Toyota was basic. Despite the fact that the Prius had done sensibly well , it was still to a great extent a specialty item. Toyota currently needed to move from that phase into standard acknowledgment. It needed to climb the chime bend into the development period of its PLC. A large portion of the Prius purchasers were â€Å"Innovators and Early Adopters †individuals who had the comprehension of innovative items and those having a place with urban and semiurban territories. As an organization Toyota currently needed to take Prius and make it increasingly satisfactory to the late connectors and incite individuals to purchase half breeds. Choices : The publicizing and promoting efforts of Prius have consistently spun around its specialized prevalence over every single other ga fueled vehicles while as yet keeping up the fundamental execution characteristics. Anyway at this phase of the PLC, Prius needs to impart and interface with new clients at a passionate level. Since Late adopters and slow pokes typically will in general have a delegatory purchasing conduct, they frequently will in general settle on choices dependent on specialized parts of the item. In this way the advertising effort should concentrate on depicting the demonstration of being thinking about the planet an alluring quality in individuals. It ought to likewise delineate the responsibility for as a state of Pride †as an emblem of one’s commitment to the planet’s prosperity. To beat land and segment predispositions, the advertisements ought to portray various types of individuals, people from various states, callings and foundations showing their pride at possessing a Prius. Possessing a Hybrid ought to be depicted as a devoted obligation of each vehicle proprietor so as to secure the earth and in this way the eventual fate of the country. The more inside conditions of Memphis and others could utilize some American Celebs who the individuals relates to become brand ministers for advancing Hybrid innovation. The other conceivable strategy could be to concentrate of the client to the general advantage of moving to a Hybrid both in budgetary terms and something else. The upside of utilizing such a procedure will be, that the distinctions will be exceptionally substantial and accordingly simple to convey. Simultaneously, it will keep on concentrating on details alone and might be keep on speaking to the specialized twisted of trailblazers and early adopters just, in which case it will be hard to graduate to the following period of the PLC. Likewise, we have to comprehend that the American customer isn't a lot of value touchy with regards to vehicles, and in this way probably won't react to the money related advantage request. Suggested Alternatives: The more reasonable foot forward is essentially deal with consumer’s acknowledgment of the item at a mental level. This can be accomplished in the event that the item can set up a passionate associate with the purchasers and, at that point push forward from that point. In this manner Toyota needs to deal with making Prius a favored brand my creation it increasingly American and a progressively mindful decision. Usage plans : ? ? ? ? Move from a specialized credit center to a progressively enthusiastic spotlight Work on promoting efforts along various media channels to extend Prius as the conspicuous least that one could do to keep the planet clean. Connect with the semi urban and country shopper by concentrating on how a half breed bodes well for customers of various ages, class and classification. Make the brand progressively worthy to them by utilizing neighborhood celebs and building certainty and character with the brand item.

Investigate their human resources, administration, finance and sales Essay

Imprints and Spencer’s have a wide range of store offices yet additionally have various divisions of their business, its utilitarian zones. I am going to take a gander at and research their HR, organization, money and deals and advertising divisions to then perceive how each adds to the running of Marks and Spencer’s. HR: The HR division plans to complete 5 significant things, these being: 1. Enlisting, keeping and excusing representatives. This is a significant errand for M&S as they need the correct sort of representatives for the business to work it’s best, additionally the workers will choose the organizations achievement present and future. Enlisting new representatives could be employing new individuals from outside the business or advancing specialists previously working in the business. Numerous organizations, for example, M&S like enlisting from outside the business to bring new thoughts and excitement. M&S would need to keep all their current representatives as they would hazard losing experienced and prepared staff, in addition to selecting new laborers and preparing them can end up being costly. Now and then M&S would need to excuse or sack representatives, this might be expected if a worker can't complete their activity productively or successfully. Likewise numerous representatives are excused or made repetitive, as their employments do not exist anymore, state the fall in a specific item could prompt the excusal of many staff. Peruse more: Human Resource Management Essay 2. Observing and giving great working conditions. Working conditions incorporates; the tidiness of a spot, the arrangement of rest zones, long stretches of work and occasions. Working conditions greatly affect how well a business works and how well representatives can do their work. They are ordinarily a subject for exchange between worker's organizations and HR. M&S have a zone for staff to unwind and spend their breaks in. The entire store would be normally cleaned each day for both the laborers and clients. 3. Preparing, creating and advancing workers. HR need their staff to have the option to guarantee that workers can carry out their responsibilities, they may give preparing at M&S or through course at neighborhood schools, arranging occupations with the goal that representatives appreciate new encounters and grow new aptitudes likewise elevating workers to progressively senior situations to give the business the abilities and experience it needs. 4. Haggling with worker's guilds. The HR branch of M&S would need to examine and concur pay and working conditions with worker's organizations or different delegates of the workforce. This procedure is called aggregate dealing. 5. Wellbeing and security is a significant obligation regarding HR, as it requires M&S to give all representatives a protected hazard free workplace. That is the thing that the HR capacity of M&S needed to guarantee is completed. Here are some ordinary activity titles inside an association, for example, M&S. Employment title Portrayal HR executive Choosing the general staffing arrangements of Boots. Likewise he/she exhort senior administration. Setting the HR financial plan. Accountable for all human asset works in Boots. HR chief He/she deals with the HR division and staff associated with modern relations and worker's guild arrangements, additionally guaranteeing his/he staff is following the approaches of Boots. Enlistment official Liable for the taking on of staff and area of staff, contingent upon their standard of work they offer to Boots and the clients of Boots. Preparing/staff advancement official He/she are answerable for preparing and creating of their staff to bring or take them to a more significant level. Work force/staffing official Keeping staff records, checking staff government assistance. Wellbeing and security official He/she ensures all parts of wellbeing and security are all together for staff matters. Likewise they screen mishap and counteraction. Security official General security, liable for all safety faculty. HR clerical specialists Managerial work identifying with the human asset work. Money: Presently I am going to take a gander at the money capacity of M&S. The account division of a business deals with the cash for the business. The office controls the money related exchanges of a business and help chiefs to anticipate what's to come. The different exercises of the account office are: 1. Recording all the budgetary issues of M&S as they are continually going through cash or accepting it from deals. It is fundamental that they keep all records of the considerable number of exercises so as to, compute whether the business is being beneficial, asses how much assessment the business should pay and to assist directors with making the correct choices. 2. All organizations need to set up their records so as to sum up their monetary undertakings during a year, plc’s are required to distribute their outcomes legitimately as they are an open organization, for example, M&S. They need to do the accompanying; the asset report which states both what an organizations points and its obligations, benefit and misfortune account-which records the benefit or misfortune made during a long timeframe normally a year, the inland income need to affirm that M&S has paid the right measure of expense, providers can see whether business can pay it’s obligations lastly investors can choose whether it’s worth putting resources into the business or not. 3. M&S need to pay the wages of every one of their representatives and it includes the money office in various manners. The business needs to deduct annual expense and national protection from every worker pay, it might be required to work a benefits plot for its all the more old representatives and to ensure the right measure of wages or compensations has been offered out to representatives. 4. All organizations need a few assets and cash-flow to exchange effectively. To buy these assets organizations may need to collect huge entireties of cash, known as capital, yet not M&S as they are now completely created and growing over the globe. Yet, by and by a business has 2 primary wellsprings of capital; an advance collected by getting cash from a bank or another business and held benefits, if M&S has been entirely beneficial they might have the option to put resources into the business and acquire assets they may require. Some regular activity jobs in the fund work in M&S would incorporate; Employment Portrayal Monetary chief Offering guidance to ranking directors on the general money related arrangement of M&S. Supervising the financial plan of M&S. Responsible for all fund work in M&S. Money related Manager Dealing with the account capacity and staff. He/she likewise instructs different individuals concerning staff with any monetary inquiries. Boss Accountant He/She guarantees that last readiness of records M&S are in acceptable and right request. The executives bookkeeper He/She delivers constant monetary data to M&S. Credit Controller Prompting on layaway approaches. Bringing in sure cash attributable to M&S kept in certainty. Credit control representatives Helps check records of new and existing clients accounts. He/She works underneath the Credit Controller however help the credit controller. They additionally help clients to remember past due installments Boss Cashier He/She is answerable for the receipt, safe continuing bookkeeping and banking all cash got from boots. Finance Administrator He/She is in charge of guaranteeing that all of M&S representatives finance and compensation/compensation segment. Wages Clerks He/She aides and helps the finance head, in the creation of wages ands pay subtleties. Organization: The organization division offers significant help administrations to different offices in the business. Not all administrator offices in all organizations are the equivalent. In private companies the administrator office may assume liability for HR or money, however in an enormous association, for example, M&S it is typically well on the way to be specific. The administrator office utilizes PCs and IT as it is required for a ton of their occupations. There are as constantly numerous exercises for the organization office; they can be separated into 5 gatherings: 1. Administrative administrations are the primary job of each administrator division. The office may offer administrative types of assistance to every single other office inside the business. These perhaps; word-handling, making calls, booking convenience for staff, arranging and conveying approaching mail and posting active mail, sorting out gatherings and tracking what happens at these gatherings, talking dependably for the benefit of the entire organization and making and tracking the organization. 2. All organizations require normal cleaning M&S is no special case as it is particularly evident as M&S have bistros, which require careful tidiness. Administrator likewise sorts out the upkeep of the structure, they may embellish within and outside of the structure on the off chance that they wish. 3. Wellbeing and security is a major issue with all organizations. It incorporates; giving wellbeing attire, admonitions for laborers, guaranteeing that there are no threats around the work environment and giving ordinary clinical checks to those working in dangerous situations. 4. Security is an inexorably significant issue for all organizations, security obligations would incorporate; marking guests all through premises, guaranteeing that unapproved individuals are kept out by utilization of watches or even gatekeeper hounds, shielding PC frameworks from programmers, watching to forestall shoplifting by utilizing monitors in uniform. 5. Data innovation is by and large more broadly utilized constantly, about all organizations utilize some type of IT these days. The administrator office may utilize IT to; make spreadsheet for money related information, a database of clients and workers, finance frameworks to figure representatives wages and compensations, email for conveying inner and outside, electronic frameworks, sites for selling products and so on. Average occupation jobs of the organization capacity would be: Employment Portrayal Organization administrator Dealing with the organization activities of M&S. Organization partner A

Opinion 4 ways to bring human rights into development work (via APSIA) COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Opinion 4 ways to bring human rights into development work (via APSIA) COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog 4 ways to bring human rights into development work Were resharing this post by the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs (APSIA), originally posted here. APSIA brings leading graduate schools around the world which specialize in international affairs including SIPA! Well be at the APSIA graduate fairs in Madrid, Paris and London this week. If youre in the area, come meet SIPA admissions and find out more about an advanced career in public policy and international affairs. 4 ways to bring human rights into development work Seventy years ago, the world laid out a common standard of fundamental rights for all people, which they said should be universally defended. Now, the global environment is shifting. Nations that once led the way in promoting cross-border protections are retrenching. Scandals undercut major international development agencies when they fail to uphold these sentiments. Meanwhile, corporations â€" once vilified for their behavior â€" are building human rights into their work. “Human rights touches every aspect of a company’s operations,” Margaret Jungk, managing director for human rights at  Business for Social Responsibility, said in 2016. Today, corporations such as  Facebook  see “the responsibility [they] have to respect the individual and human rights of the … global community”  â€" and  hire accordingly, as stated in a recent job vacancy at the social media network. Incorporating human rights into development work may require you to consider national politics, social media, sexual discrimination, and everything in between. To successfully navigate a new public, private, and nonprofit development landscape, four traits will be critical. 1. Context is key Just as in broader questions of global development, human rights considerations are rarely clear-cut. Context matters. Are you trained to understand the economic, political, social, cultural, and historical factors at play? Can you identify the forces influencing a situation? Are you qualified to perform proper due diligence? Human rights work has to be focused within the contexts where development is playing out, said Francisco Bencosme, Asia-Pacific advocacy manager at Amnesty International. In Myanmar, an entrenched system of apartheid can change the analysis of a seemingly positive housing project. [For example, under] the guise of development for Rakhine State, we have in the past seen new homes constructed for ethnic minorities on top old homes that used to belong to the Rohingya. It is these kind of development practices that need to take human rights contexts into account, Bencosme said. Seek out educational and professional opportunities that develop a flexible framework for evaluating decisions. One size will not fit all. Mark Maloney, vice dean at the  Sciences Po  Paris School of International Affairs, explained: “Adaptability is a key skill [one] even more important in humanitarian work because the stakes can be considerably higher when things go wrong.” “For that reason, understanding the context, including relationships within and between parties, is a fundamental skill we try to develop through our  Master in Human Rights and Humanitarian Action” he added. “This skill also maximizes the likelihood that our graduates will make the right decision at the right moment when undertaking action on the ground.” 2. Be ‘client-ready’ Development professionals must tailor their work to many constituencies. Have you practiced framing a discussion to make sense to diverse groups? Have you learned to persuade people while recognizing their different needs? Do you have the credentials to make people listen to what you have to say? Learn to write and present arguments in clear, concise, and compelling ways. Work to improve your cross-cultural competencies. Expand proficiency in different languages. Look for opportunities to get close to the communities you want to serve, as well as to the funders, governments, and companies working on the ground. “The human rights framework brings a human-centered analysis to the work of development professionals,” said Barbara Frey, director of the  human rights program  at the University of Minnesota  Humphrey School of Public Affairs. “This analysis starts with the question: Who is the rights bearer and who is the duty bearer in a situation? [It] tests how the consequences of actions can help or harm the clients [you] seek to serve.” 3. Develop connections Access to individuals and information is critical to getting the job done. With whom have you cultivated connections? From whom can you get critical information? Have you developed academic and professional networks to open doors? Maintain relationships throughout your career via social media and in-person ties. Seek the counsel of former classmates, professors, or colleagues. Look for undergraduate or graduate schools with close ties to the field. For example, students at the  International Human Rights Center  at Korea University’s  Graduate School of International Studies  incorporate concern for human rights into a wide range of activities. They build networks, workshops, and symposia in partnership with Human Asia, a human rights NGO in South Korea. According to the school, these opportunities prepare students to “serve as productive members of their organizations and to play leadership roles in the international community.” 4. Character is destiny Easy answers do not always present themselves. Are you bold enough to choose the difficult route? Can you withstand criticism from naysayers who cannot or will not envision anything beyond the status quo? Do you know how to rejuvenate your spirit when things look bleak? “Forces larger than yourself will make you face some tough moral choices,” said Reuben Brigety, dean of  George Washington University’s  Elliott School of International Affairs. From his time at  Human Rights Watch  and the  U.S. State Department, he has counseled young professionals to realize that “your character is your destiny. Have courage!” To succeed at the intersection of human rights and development, you must ask good questions. Tailor your approach; build diverse networks; and, cultivate an internal moral compass to navigate the changing human rights and global development landscape.

Definition of Clipping in Linguistics

In morphology, clipping is the process of forming a new word by dropping one or more syllables from a polysyllabic word, such as cellphone  from cellular phone.  In other words, clipping refers to part of a word that serves  for  the whole, such as  ad  and  phone from advertisement and telephone,  respectively.  The term is also known as a  clipped form, clipped word, shortening, and truncation. A clipped form generally has the same denotative meaning as the word it comes from, but its regarded as more colloquial and informal. Clipping also makes it easier to spell and write many words. For example, a clipped form may replace the original word in everyday usage—such as the use of  piano in place of pianoforte. Examples and Observations According to the book, Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction, Some of the most common products of clipping are names—Liz, Ron, Rob, and Sue, which are shortened forms of  Elizabeth, Ronald, Robert, and Susan. The authors note that clipping is especially popular in the speech of students, where it has yielded forms like prof for professor, phys-ed for physical education, and  poli-sci for political science. However, many clipped forms have also been accepted in general usage: doc, ad, auto, lab, sub, porn, demo, and condo. The authors add that: A more recent example of this sort that has become part of general English vocabulary is fax, from facsimile (meaning exact copy or reproduction). Other examples of clipped forms in English include biz, caps, celebs, deli, exam, flu, gator, hippo, hood, info, intro, lab, limo, mayo, max, perm, photo, ref, reps, rhino, sax, stats, temp, thru, tux, ump, veep, and vet. Clipping Basics As noted, clipped words form through a social process, such as students preferring to use shortened forms of common terms, as noted in Contemporary Linguistics. The same kind of social forces lead to the creation of clipped words in other English-speaking countries such as Britain, says David Crystal, a leading authority on language. There are also several clippings which retain material from more than one part of the word, such as maths (UK), gents, and specs....Several clipped forms also show adaptation, such as fries (from french fried potatoes), Betty (from Elizabeth), and Bill (from William). Clipped words are not  abbreviations,  contractions, or  diminutives. True, an  abbreviation is a shortened form of a word or phrase. But abbreviations often end with a period, such as  Jan.  for  January, and are clearly understood to be stand-ins for the full term.  A contraction is a word or phrase—such as thats, a form of  that has—that has been shortened by dropping one or more letters. In writing, an apostrophe takes the place of the missing letters.  A  diminutive is a word form or  suffix  that indicates smallness,  such as  doggie  for  dog  and  Tommie  for  Thomas.   Types of Clipping There are several types of clipping, including  final, initial, and complex. Final clipping, also called  apocope, is just what the term implies: clipping or cutting off the last syllable or syllables of a word to form the clipped term, such as  info  for information and gas for gasoline. Initial clipping, also called apheresis, is  the clipping of the initial part of the beginning of the word,  also called  fore-clipping, according to the Journal of English Lexicology.  Examples of fore-clipping include  bot  for  robot  and  chute  for parachute. Complex clipping, as the name implies, is more involved. It is the shortening of a compound word by preserving and combining its initial parts (or first syllables), says  ESL.ph, an online site for learning English as a second language. Examples include: Sci-fi for  science  fictionSitcom for  situation  comedyGrandma for grandmotherPerm for permanent waveShrink for head  shrinker As you see, clipped words are not always respectful terms. Indeed, some great literary figures vigorously opposed them, such as Jonathan Swift, who made his feelings clear in the tellingly named A Proposal for Correcting, Improving and Ascertaining the English Tongue, first published in 1712. He saw clipping as a symptom of barbaric social forces that had to be tamped down: This perpetual Disposition to shorten our Words, by retrenching the Vowels, is nothing else but a tendency to lapse into the Barbarity of those Northern Nations from whom we are descended, and whose Languages labour all under the same Defect. So, the next time you hear or use a clipped word, do so knowing that it is considered acceptable in English, but remember that these shortened terms have a long and somewhat controversial history. Sources OGrady, William, John Archibald, Mark Aronoff, et al. Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction. 4th ed, Bedford/St. Martins, 2000. Crystal, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. 3rd ed, Cambridge University Press, 2019. Jamet, Denis. A morphophonological approach to clipping in English. Lexis Journal of English Lexicology, HS 1, 2009. Swift, Jonathan. A Proposal for Correcting, Improving, and Ascertaining the English Tongue: In a Letter to the Most Honorable Robert Earl of Oxford and Mortimer, Lord High Treasurer of Great Britain (1712). H. Kessinger Publishing, 2010.

Annoiare How to Conjugate the Italian Verbs, to Annoy

Strategic Plan, Part I Conceptualizing a Business Free Essays

Strategic Plan, Part I: Conceptualizing a Business BUS/475 Strategic Plan, Part I: Conceptualizing a Business A successful strategic plan must be based on the company’s mission, vision, and values. The purpose of this paper is to define a selected business, products, services, and customers by creating a mission statement. In addition, this paper contains a vision for the organization that demonstrate the expected future for the business, and it will define the company values considering important topics such as culture, social responsibility, and ethics. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Plan, Part I: Conceptualizing a Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now It will also analyze how the vision, mission, and values guide the company’s strategic direction. Finally, it will evaluate how the company address customers needs and how competitive advantage will be achieved. The name of the company is Bella Boutique. Bella Boutique is a trendy fashion and accessory boutique. Bella, which means â€Å"beautiful† in Spanish, defines the concept of the boutique. Bella Boutique will carry a wide variety of contemporary clothing, accessories, shoes, and make up. Bella Boutique also offers free personal style advice, which includes and detail style assessment based on body type, skin color, style, and personality of the customer. The target customers of Bella Boutique are young adult women, including college, professional, modern girls. These girls enjoy shopping in a fun environment that offers trendy and affordable fashions with a superior personalized service. Bella Boutique will stand out from the competition by having a good location in a high-shopping area, offering quality products, and excellent customer service. Products and services will be offered in-stores and online. Mission Statement – To provide modern young women with a boutique that offers a fun and comfortable shopping environment – To offer a wide variety of trendy fashion and accessories to make sure customer always find something they love – To help women learn what styles and colors go best with their unique body types and personalities Vision Statement – To be the boutique of choice for young, modern women To open many stores throughout the country and drive up sales by promoting our products effectively Guiding Principles or Values – Customers are our priority. Always make an extra effort to make sure customers are satisfied with our products and services – Educate customers about new trends and how to style their purchases properly. Make sure customers needs are met – We encourage and promote cultural and ethnical diversity in our stores. Employees from different cultural and e thnical backgrounds bring to our company a true reflection of our society – Our employees are our greatest asset. We encourage employees to share their creative and innovative ideas to improve our company – Our company provides a fun working atmosphere and promotes personal growth and development. We strive to offer our employees a healthy work-life balance – Respect and honesty must always be present when dealing with our customers, vendors, and employees. We do not engage in acts that can be detrimental to the reputation of our company – We conduct our business with social responsibility. Our products are purchased from socially and environmentally responsible vendors. We also contribute to improve society by volunteering and helping in social causes – Employees will adhere to the highest ethical standards at all times The mission, vision, and values statement for my company provide the structure, framework, and goals in which all the actions will be based on. The mission and values provide the framework to guide every action in the strategic plan. The vision is our objective, what we want to accomplish for our company in the future. The mission, vision, and values set the right direction for the company actions. Employees must know that their actions affect the overall mission, vision, and values of the organization. These statements are the guiding principles for the company strategic plan, for that reason employees actions should always reflect the mission, vision, and values statements of the company to ensure its success. The trends in fashion are always changing, Bella Boutique will have to be alert of the new trends to keep customers satisfied. Another resource to make sure the company is addressing customers needs is to have customer satisfaction surveys, allowing the customers to express what they like about our store and what they would change. Bella Boutique will have plenty of local competition from many other boutiques. The most direct competitors will be those with the same concept, located in the same area, carrying some of the same brands we sell, and advertising to our target market. Besides the trendy and affordable clothing and accessories, Bella Boutique will create a significant competitive advantage by providing a place to shop with a fun, comfortable, and welcoming atmosphere. In addition, Bella Boutique offers a superior customer service, and we strive for 100% customer satisfaction. Another unique feature of Bella Boutique that creates competitive advantage is the free personalized styling service, in which a professional stylist helps the customers find the right pieces of clothing for their body type and personality. Bella Boutique locations will be designed with comfort and convenience in mind, the store will be decorated with contemporary furniture and painted with inviting colors. The store will have big private dressing rooms with plenty of hooks to hang the clothing pieces and an assigned employee to assist customers. Also for more convenience the store will have small and elegant shopping carts to make the shopping experience more enjoyable. In addition, the store will have a dedicated kids room where the customer’s children can play while their parents shop. The kids room will also have a nursery portion to allow customer to feed and change small babies. In conclusion, this paper defined the concept of Bella Boutique along with its products, services, and customers. The mission statement was developed to explain the concept of the business. The vision statements are clearly defined to show where the company is heading and the values reflect how the company will conduct business. The mission, vision, and value statements help align the different elements of the strategic plan with the company goals. By creating and implementing the mission, vision, and value statements Bella Boutique, defines the current situation of the company and have a clear understanding of where the company is heading. References Thompson Jr. , A. A. , Gamble, J. E. , ; Strickland III, A. (2006). Strategy Winning in the Marketplace. McGraw-Hill. www. bplans. com. (n. d. ). Retrieved 11 19, 2012, from http://www. bplans. com/womens_clothing_boutique_business_plan/company_summary_fc. php. www. brainmass. com. (n. d. ). Retrieved 11 19, 2012, from http://brainmass. com/business/marketing/286812. How to cite Strategic Plan, Part I: Conceptualizing a Business, Essay examples

John Q an Ethical Analys and Review Essay Example

John Q: an Ethical Analys and Review Paper The film John Q provides a model for the analysis and demonstration of ethical principles of distributive justice as they pertain to healthcare and, more specifically, organ allocation in the face of scarcity. The film portrays the shortcomings of a managed care system as well as the pitfalls of a libertarian approach to allocation. Here discussed are the ethical approaches of Eglitarianism, Prioritarianisn, Utilitarianism, and Libertarianism to organ allocation as they pertain to the film as well as the situational change in the plot if these approaches were considered. The topics of hopelessness and helplessness experienced by the patient and family in a dire circumstances as observed in John Q is confronted in the context of the picture . Also provided is a brief ethical critique of the movie and a personal reaction to the topics addressed in the film When dealing with the issue of scarcity and allocation of resources, the health care industry provides a controversial and ethically challenging model for working though dilemma scenarios such as making distributive decisions with respect to donor organs to the most appropriate recipient. Scarcity is defined as a condition in which the demand for a resource greatly exceeds the supply of the resource, and the fact of the matter is there are many more people that need transplant organs than there are organs to be allocated. We will write a custom essay sample on John Q: an Ethical Analys and Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on John Q: an Ethical Analys and Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on John Q: an Ethical Analys and Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This circumstance is well presented in the movie John Q, written by James Kearns. The main point made throughout the film seems to be that the process of organ procurement is not only difficult and trying on the patient and family, but can also be fraught with the dilemmas of resource allocation and providing healthcare using a Libertarian allocation approach that need be addressed by healthcare administrators. Focusing on the theme of distributive justice, the film comes across to imply that care hould be made available to all regardless of their ability to pay and allocation be based on a Prioritarianistic â€Å"according to their need† distributive model rather than a Libertarian approach to allocation. In modern healthcare there is a constant struggle to provide the most and greatest healthcare to the greatest number of people in society. Fueling the debate over effective care allocation strategies, for decades the media has been filled with the echoes of socialized healthcare, and in recent decades multiple nations have adopted the model of a governmentalized healthcare system. In the United States resides a mixed system supported by tax dollars as well as managed care model that is fueled by the desire to reduce cost and still provide necessary care to subscribers. To that end, the film depicts the short comings of a managed care system with seen in the lack preventative screening that might have led to the recognition a young boy’s heart condition at a time when preventative steps could have been taken to mitigate the situation observed in the film. In the context of resource allocation and particularly organ allocation, at the heart of the ethical issue is the concept of scarcity. According to the University of Minnesota’s Center for Bioethics, there were approximately 83,000 people on the waiting list to receive an organ with an additional 106 (average) being added per day in 2003 (Ethics of Organ Transplantation, 2004). When considered in relation to the 9,800 donors and the roughly 6,000 people that died in 2002 while waiting for a transplant, it becomes clear a point of equilibrium between supply and demand / necessity has yet to be reached (Ethics of Organ Transplantation, 2004). Summary In the 2002 film, John Q, John Q. Archibald, an American factory worker that has been the victim of a declining economy, and is faced with the difficulty of paying for medical services when his son is struck down at a baseball game with heart failure due to a congenital defect. The boy suffers from an enlarged heart that went undetected so far. It was made clear that without a heart transplant, the boy would die. To further complicate the situation, the hospital administrator informed the Archibald family that their insurance had changed from a PPO to an HMO type plan and that the transplant surgery is considered an elective procedure and would not be covered by their insurance. The insurance company issued by his employer informs John that the policy had changed and that only $20,000 of the required $250,000 will be paid under the claim. John Q then decided to take measures into his own hands and persuades the head of the cardiology department to find a replacement heart for the boy at gunpoint. He takes the cardiologist and several patients hostage and demands that his son be placed on the recipient list. One of the predominant points made in the film is that the process of organ allocation is often unjust by the libertarian approach that is used when dealing with a managed care system that provides insufficient coverage for the terminally ill. The film implies that the decision making process of organ distribution id too greatly influenced by the recipient’s ability to pay for the treatment and does not sufficiently consider the patient’s deserving of the organ based on his life experience, usefulness and right to equitable treatment. The effects of organ procurement can instill a sense of helplessness in those linked to the patient dying from a terminal condition. The picture illustrates the manifestation of this stress and emotional strain in irrational behavior of the father of a terminal child and seems to justify his actions by hinting at the unjust nature of the organ distributive process. Analysis The depiction of a young boy falling deeper into the hopelessness of being rejected as an heart recipient and the helplessness of the parents as they watch their son’s condition continue to worsen because they are unable to provide the funds necessary to pay for the intervention successfully conveys the message that the results of allocative decisions are not always just and favor those with the ability to pay for the procedure. In the context of the film, it is important to note the role of hopelessness and helplessness felt by the Archibald family as a result of the organ allocation process and decision. It is no secret that illness and bodily deterioration can adversely affect the mood and emotions of a patient by promoting feelings of helplessness and a loss of hope. But, frequently one might observe the emotions of family members be similarly affected when a grim prognosis is delivered sensing that the situation is beyond anyone’s control and this leads to a deep sense of helplessness. This holds true especially for parents as in the case of the Archibald family. As a parent raises a child, benevolence and pleasing sacrifice are at the core of the parental emotional complex. So, when a child become ill, it presents as one of the few situations in which the parent is unable to offer more than comforting words of compassion and love. A parent that has devoted years of aid and care can become overwhelmed by a mood of desperation. However, the film’s portrayal of an illicit act of perceived violence and deception as being one of heroism and justice serves only to further incite one with the discontent at the current system and justifies the use of such force to serve one’s own end, however desperate it might be, the justification of any sort of deception and manipulation, as Mr. Archibald deceived and manipulated hostages and hospital administrators as a means to his desired end, is in conflict with the familiar categorical imperative of Kantian Deontology. This in itself is, by that theory, unethical and a deplorable action in the context of deontology. On the topic of the ethics of organ allocation, distributive justice can be described as the deciding how to fairly divide and allocate resources in the face of scarcity (Ethics of Organ Transplantation, 2004). In distributive justice, there are thought to be six major theories on how best to do this: to each an equal share, to each according to his need, according to his effort, according to his contribution, according to the merit achieved, and to each according to his ability to pay (Ethics of Organ Transplantation, 2004). It can be simplified further in that all six of these allocation theories can be summed up in four primary categories of thought: equality, favoring the neediest, utilitarianism, and rewarding social usefulness (Emanuel, Persad, Werthiemer 2009). First of these categories is that of equality. Treating everyone equally is known as the distributive justice theory of Egalitarianism. In this system, judgments are made based on objective factors ideally in the absence of any bias (Ethics of Organ Transplantation, 2004). A classic example of this type of model at work is the first come first serve method (Emanuel et al. 2009). Ideally, these types of approaches are, with some exception, fairly good at eliminating selection bias, however, in doing so can ignore factors such as social standing, quality of life and issues of medical worthiness (Ethics of Organ Transplantation, 2004). In the scenario of John Q. , the utilization of such a system might have ensured the placement of the boy’s name on the transplant list. However, the odds that the boy would have received the heart would have actually not have ncreased. Therefore, the situation of the enragement of John Q. Archibald would probably not have been avoided. In the model of Prioritarianism, the sickest and the youngest receive priority care over those less afflicted (Emanuel et al. 2009). This approach has the advantage of aiding those who are critical and serves to eliminate selection bias in response to factors of social and economic standing but rather bases allocation on the need and urgency of care considering the condition of each patient. Prioritarianism however also have its disadvantages. One such is the need for a prognosis that must be estimated by human evaluation and is therefore vulnerable to persuasion and bias. Also, the allocation of organs parallels the preventative care of offered to the son of Michael Archibald in that the determination that treatment is necessary is contingent on the illness of the patient and thus requires the patient’s condition to deteriorate before the he or she is considered to among the sickest and eligible to receive the allocation of care and or organ that is required. A system that favor the sickest inherently fails to account for those who will become sick if the treatment or organ is not received in their current state Rationalizing the youngest first approach is the thought that the worst off in this case are those who would perish with fewer years lived and would potentially have more years to benefit from the organ (Emanuel et al. 2009). Pertaining to the case of Michael Archibald, he would probably have gotten the heart with ample time for treatment and recovery and the hostage situation initiated by his father would have been avoided. Third is the ever popular Utilitarian approach to the question of allocation striving to maximize the benefit obtained from each of the organs. This benefit is measures in life-years, that is, the number of years the patient would live beyond the number of years he or she would live if not granted the organ, adjusted with lifestyle and disability projected (Ethics of Organ Transplantation, 2004), (Donaldson Mitton, 2004). This is one of the models in which the patient’s future is considered. Using this approach and applying it to the situation of the Archibald family, it is irrefutably clear that the boy would receive nearly maximum benefit from the heart in both life-years and the ability to maintain a high quality of life throughout those years and would therefore be a priority recipient for the heart. To that end, there would have been no reason for John Q. to carry out his act of desperation. As the Utilitarian approach does not consider the ability to pay for the service as criteria for allocation, the financial and hostage crises would have been averted. Finally, the use of social usefulness as a factor for determining one’s eligibility as an organ recipient is the most relative to the film. At the heart of social usefulness allocation is the idea of instrumental value, that is, that which shows promise of future usefulness (Emanuel et al. 2009). Most specifically pertaining to the film, this implies Libertarian distribution theory and the use of one’s ability to pay as a gauge of usefulness and ability to contribute back to the healthcare system, in this instance, the managed care system, and society as a whole. By my rationale, if one is able to pay for, or has coverage that can pay for a procedure the individual is probably more able to make contributions to the market and thus society as a consumer, and might also have a higher probability of possessing the intellectual capacity and education level that is thought to enable one in providing the most useful contributions to society. Following that logic, it is natural to say that favoring those who are able to pay for treatment is in a way rewarding their perceived social usefulness. It is because of this method of thought that the son of John Q. Archibald was denied the transplant that was necessary to prolong his life. Mr. Archibald’s inability to pay the $250,000 required for the surgery served as an indicator of his social usefulness when the healthcare administrators were confronting the dilemma of placing the boy’s name n the transplant list. The Libertarian approach to allocation of healthcare resources bases decisions on too few dimensions of the patient’s experience. In the case of Michael Archibald the potential usefulness of a child, and even the policy holder for that matter, cannot be determined to degree of completeness that can be used to base decisions of organ allocation by using the parent’s ability to pay for the procedure as proxy to future social usefulness of the child. Even if it was, the perceived usefulness of a child can be viewed as less than that of an adult because it is not an autonomous being and lacks the investment of education and life experiences that shape autonomous adults. To the same effect, the usefulness of the mentally ill or elderly can be perceived to be lessened because they have less years or intellectual contributions to make to society. It is for this reason that I feel that this model as it is portrayed in the film is insufficient for the determination of organ recipients. Ethically, to the question of how scarce resources should be allocated, there is no easy or definite answer. However, the four main categories mentioned can be combined in use to provide some insight on how to best fairly distribute organs. It seems logical that to make determinations of allocation that ultimately prolong life and the human experience, it is necessary to take into account the factors that affect that experience such as quality of life and providing the maximum number of life-years from each organ. However, as organs are a scarce societal resource, it is also important to factor in the benefit to society that might be obtained by each scenario of the allocation of this resource. In my personal opinion, I feel that the cost of providing healthcare warrants the use of some aspect of a model based on one’s ability to pay. However, I also hold that as a libertarian approach ignores several crucial aspects of the patient’s experience and the utility the organ might provide to the patient as well as to society, the utilitarian view of utility in adjusted life-years and that those who are sickest with the greatest chance for recovery and to make a contribution to society should be considered first. Conclusion To all who have seen the James Kearns’s film, John Q, it is no secret that the ethical implications of resource allocation in healthcare can have emotionally devastating effects on patients and their families. The point is successfully made that the emotional effects of a perceived improper Libertarian system that only considers only one’s ability to pay to make distributive decisions can result in the loss of future productive members of society as well as the innocence and opportunity of youth. The principles and theories of distributive justice that are used in the decision making process when attempting to discern the â€Å"best† way to allocate organs, in the face of scarcity can often ignore essential elements of the suffering and life experience faced by the patient and his or her family as well as provide insufficient approximations of the worth of the patient in the scheme of society. For this reason, and the limited supply of organs and other medical resources, the denial of life sustaining interventions might ead the patient and family into a deep sense of hopelessness and helplessness when they come to the realization that there is nothing more they can do to aid themselves or their loved ones. In the case of John Q. Archibald this sense of hopelessness and despair was so great that it forced an otherwise rational and law abiding man to commit an act illicit and ethically reprehensible as a result of the denial of a heart for his terminal son.

Free Essays on Summay And Response

In a publication of her piece â€Å"From the Welfare Rolls, a Mother’s View† in Newsweek Magazine in August 1999, the author Elyzabeth Joy Stagg describes her personal circumstances that led to her need for public assistance. Being one herself, she also expresses her feelings and her point of view on the topic of welfare moms. â€Å"From the Welfare Rolls, a Mother’s View† by E.J.Stagg touched my feelings and made me change my perception of welfare moms a little. Stagg states that most people believe that welfare recipients simply don’t want to work. And I have to agree with her, people who have a job tend to think this way. But there are also people who fit into that category. For example, I have an aunt who is going to be 40 this year. She has five children from five different men. She dropped out of school when she was 14 and she has never had a job for more than two weeks. She says she doesn’t like to work. On the contrary, Stagg makes a different impression. As she proves, there are people on welfare who desperately want to work to earn some money to live a better life. And she isn’t just a statistic. She has many skills and qualifications. In my opinion she makes it clear that being on welfare is not her first and final choice. Stagg writes that her children’s fathers are both more than 10 years older than she is. It seems to me that she follows a certain pattern of bad choices and bad decision making. Otherwise she wouldn’t have had unprotected sex again and she wouldn’t have gotten Y. Dietzold P.2 ... Free Essays on Summay And Response Free Essays on Summay And Response In a publication of her piece â€Å"From the Welfare Rolls, a Mother’s View† in Newsweek Magazine in August 1999, the author Elyzabeth Joy Stagg describes her personal circumstances that led to her need for public assistance. Being one herself, she also expresses her feelings and her point of view on the topic of welfare moms. â€Å"From the Welfare Rolls, a Mother’s View† by E.J.Stagg touched my feelings and made me change my perception of welfare moms a little. Stagg states that most people believe that welfare recipients simply don’t want to work. And I have to agree with her, people who have a job tend to think this way. But there are also people who fit into that category. For example, I have an aunt who is going to be 40 this year. She has five children from five different men. She dropped out of school when she was 14 and she has never had a job for more than two weeks. She says she doesn’t like to work. On the contrary, Stagg makes a different impression. As she proves, there are people on welfare who desperately want to work to earn some money to live a better life. And she isn’t just a statistic. She has many skills and qualifications. In my opinion she makes it clear that being on welfare is not her first and final choice. Stagg writes that her children’s fathers are both more than 10 years older than she is. It seems to me that she follows a certain pattern of bad choices and bad decision making. Otherwise she wouldn’t have had unprotected sex again and she wouldn’t have gotten Y. Dietzold P.2 ...

Biography of Qin Shi Huang, First Emperor of China

Biography of Qin Shi Huang, First Emperor of China Qin Shi Huang (around 259 BCE–September 10, 210  BCE) was the First Emperor of a unified China and founder of the Qin dynasty, who ruled from 246 BCE to 210 BCE. In his 35-year reign, he caused both rapid cultural and intellectual advancement  and much destruction and oppression within China. He is famed for creating magnificent and enormous construction projects, including the beginnings of the Great Wall of China. Fast Facts: Qin Shi Huang ï » ¿Known For:  First Emperor of unified China, founder of Qin dynastyï » ¿Also Known As:  Ying Zheng; Zheng, the King of Qin; Shi HuangdiBorn:  Exact date of birth unknown; most likely around 259 BCE in HananParents: King Zhuangxiang of Qin and Lady ZhaoDied:  September 10, 210  BCE in eastern ChinaGreat Works:  Beginning construction of the Great Wall of China, the terracotta armySpouse: No empress, many concubinesChildren: Around 50 children, including Fusu, Gao, Jianglà ¼, HuhaiNotable Quote: I have collected all the writings of the Empire and burnt those which were of no use. Early Life Qin Shi Huangs birth and parentage are shrouded in mystery. According to legend, a rich merchant named Lu Buwei befriended a prince of the Qin State during the latter years of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770–256 BCE).  The merchants lovely wife Zhao Ji had just gotten pregnant, so he arranged for the prince to meet and fall in love with her. She became the princes concubine  and then gave birth to the merchant Lu Buweis child in 259 BCE. The baby, born in Hanan, was named Ying Zheng. The prince believed the baby was his own.  Ying Zheng became king of the Qin state in 246 BCE, upon the death of his supposed father. He ruled as Qin Shi Huang  and unified China for the first time. Early Reign The young king was only 13 years old when he took the throne, so his prime minister (and likely real father) Lu Buwei acted as regent for the first eight years.  This was a difficult time for any ruler in China, with seven warring states vying for control of the land. The leaders of the Qi, Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei, Chu, and Qin states were former dukes under the Zhou Dynasty  but had each proclaimed themselves king as the Zhou reign fell apart. In this unstable environment, warfare flourished, as did books like Sun Tzus The Art of War.  Lu Buwei had another problem as well; he feared that the king would discover his true identity. Lao Ais Revolt According to Sima Qian in the Shiji, or Records of the Grand Historian, Lu Buwei hatched a scheme to depose Qin Shi Huang in 240 BCE. He introduced the kings mother Zhao Ji to Lao Ai, a man famed for his large penis. The queen dowager and Lao Ai had two sons and Lao and Lu Buwei decided to launch a coup in 238 BCE. Lao raised an army, aided by the king of nearby Wei, and tried to seize control while Qin Shi Huang was traveling. The young king, however, cracked down hard on the rebellion and prevailed. Lao was executed by having his arms, legs, and neck tied to horses, which were then spurred to run in different directions. His whole family was also killed, including the kings two half-brothers and all other relatives to the third degree (uncles, aunts, cousins).  The queen dowager was spared  but spent the rest of her days under house arrest. Consolidation of Power Lu Buwei was banished after the Lao Ai incident  but did not lose all of his influence in Qin. However, he lived in constant fear of execution by the mercurial young king.  In 235 BCE, Lu committed suicide by drinking poison. With his death, the 24-year-old king assumed full command over the kingdom of Qin. Qin Shi Huang grew increasingly suspicious of those around him and banished all foreign scholars from his court as spies. The kings fears were well-founded. In 227, the Yan state sent two assassins to his court, but the king fought them off with his sword. A musician also tried to kill him by bludgeoning him with a lead-weighted lute. Battles With Neighboring States The assassination attempts arose in part because of desperation in neighboring kingdoms. The Qin king had the most powerful army and neighboring rulers feared a Qin invasion. The Han kingdom fell to Qin Shi Huang in 230 BCE. In 229, a devastating earthquake rocked another powerful state, Zhao, leaving it weakened. Qin Shi Huang took advantage of the disaster  and invaded the region.  Wei fell in 225, followed by the powerful Chu in 223. The Qin army conquered Yan and Zhao in 222 (despite another assassination attempt on Qin Shi Huang by a Yan agent).  The final independent kingdom, Qi, fell to the Qin in 221 BCE. China Unified With the defeat of the other six warring states, Qin Shi Huang had unified northern China. His army would continue to expand the Qin Empires southern boundaries throughout his lifetime, driving as far south as what is now Vietnam.  The King of Qin was now the Emperor of Qin China. As Emperor, Qin Shi Huang reorganized the bureaucracy, abolishing the existing nobility and replacing them with his appointed officials. He also built a network of roads, with the capital of Xianyang at the hub. In addition, the Emperor simplified the written Chinese script, standardized weights and measures, and minted new copper coins. Steve Peterson Photography /  Getty Images The Great Wall and Ling Canal Despite its military might, the newly unified Qin Empire faced a recurring threat from the north: raids by the nomadic Xiongnu (the ancestors of Attilas Huns). In order to fend off the Xiongnu, Qin Shi Huang ordered the construction of an enormous defensive wall. The work was carried out by hundreds of thousands of slaves and criminals between 220 and 206 BCE; untold thousands of them died at the task. This northern fortification formed the first section of what would become the Great Wall of China. In 214, the Emperor also ordered the construction of a canal, the Lingqu, which linked the Yangtze and Pearl River systems. The Confucian Purge The Warring States Period was dangerous, but the lack of central authority allowed intellectuals to flourish. Confucianism and a number of other philosophies blossomed prior to Chinas unification. However, Qin Shi Huang viewed these schools of thought as threats to his authority, so he ordered all books not related to his reign burned in 213 BCE. The Emperor also had approximately 460 scholars buried alive in 212 for daring to disagree with him, and 700 more stoned to death. From then on, the only approved school of thought was legalism: Follow the Emperors laws, or face the consequences. Qin Shi Huangs Quest for Immortality As he entered middle age, the First Emperor grew more and more afraid of death. He became obsessed with finding the elixir of life, which would allow him to live forever.  The court doctors and alchemists concocted a number of potions, many of them containing quicksilver (mercury), which probably had the ironic effect of hastening the Emperors death rather than preventing it. Just in case the elixirs did not work, in 215 BCE the Emperor also ordered the construction of a gargantuan tomb for himself. Plans for the tomb included flowing rivers of mercury, cross-bow booby traps to thwart would-be plunderers, and replicas of the Emperors earthly palaces. Tim Graham / Getty Images The Terracotta Army To guard Qin Shi Huang in the afterworld, and perhaps allow him to conquer heaven as he had the earth, the Emperor had a terracotta army of at least 8,000 clay soldiers placed in the tomb. The army also included terracotta horses, along with real chariots and weapons. Each soldier was an individual, with unique facial features (although the bodies and limbs were mass-produced from molds). Death A large meteor fell in Dongjun in 211 BCE- an ominous sign for the Emperor. To make matters worse, someone etched the words The First Emperor will die and his land will be divided onto the stone.  Some saw this as a sign that the Emperor had lost the Mandate of Heaven. Since nobody would confess to the crime, the Emperor had everyone in the vicinity executed. The meteor itself was burned and then pounded into powder. Nevertheless, the Emperor died less than a year later, while touring eastern China in 210 BCE. The cause of death most likely was mercury poisoning, due to his immortality treatments. Legacy Qin Shi Huangs Empire did not outlast him long. His second son and Prime Minister tricked the heir, Fusu, into committing suicide. The second son, Huhai, seized power. However, widespread unrest (led by the remnants of the warring states nobility) threw the empire into disarray. In 207 BCE, the Qin army was defeated by Chu-lead rebels at the Battle of Julu. This defeat signaled the end of the Qin Dynasty. Whether Qin Shi Huang should be remembered more for his monumental creations and cultural advances or his brutal tyranny is a matter of dispute. All scholars agree, however, that Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of the Qin Dynasty and a unified China, was one of the most important rulers in Chinese history. Sources Lewis, Mark Edward. The Early Chinese Empires: Qin and Han. Harvard University Press, 2007.Lu Buwei. The Annals of Lu Buwei. Translated by John Knoblock and Jeffrey Riegel, Stanford University Press, 2000.Sima Qian. Records of the Grand Historian. Translated by Burton Watson, Columbia University Press, 1993.

Australia info Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Australia info - Essay Example Australia has very high scores for both ‘starting a business’ and â€Å"Getting credit† (World Bank). Australia has the world’s 12th largest economy, sustained by a relatively low population of just 23,608,400 people, most of whom are concentrated in a few, highly developed urban centers. Their comparatively geographically isolated location and a small domestic market means that the Australian government is concerned about their future economic growth and local businesses are increasingly looking towards international markets for business prospects (World Business Culture). Australia’s culture has been influenced by their history as a British colony and the lifestyle, language and social ethics of Caucasian migrants who eventually settled in the area. As a group, Australian’s are considered to be down-to-earth people, who appreciate hard work and do not give much regard to a person’s status or position. Modesty, sincerity and authenticity are important in the workplace as well as in personal interaction. There is a sense of humor in their interactions, the humor is often directed at themselves but may be too caustic for someone not used to the Australian culture (Kwintessential). Even though the English is the primary language in use in the country, for outsiders the local dialect and slang language may also be a difficult to grasp as it is uniquely Australian. For business relations, Australians focus on efficient and effective communication which emphasizes punctuality and practicality. It is a low-context culture so negotiations and business meetings are straight forward, with a very low emphasis on building long term, informal relationships between business partners on any kind. However, the brusque manner of business may be unsuitable as an international strategy given cultural differences between Australia

Language Learning Autobiography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Language Learning Autobiography - Essay Example On reflection, I realize that my first strategy was to imitate. Although I did not completely understand the teacher’s instructions, I was able to follow by imitating and taking the lead from peers. The English teacher would usually teach a new language point and then start with class choral work before moving on to a small group, pair work and then individual responses. This allowed me the opportunity to imitate the other students and thus not only improve my language knowledge but to improve my pronunciation. My experience, therefore, provides evidence to Skinner, who states that imitation through repetition is important in the early stages of acquiring a first language and learning a second language. I learnt and acquired English not only by study but by social interaction with teachers and peers (both local and ESL students) which necessitated me to pull on or extract the language I already knew and manipulate it for the situation at hand; in other words it provided me the opportunity of having to use English for communicative purposes rather than for classroom intent. Different cultures and curriculum proved difficult for me at first but I was able to catch up with other studies because my ESL teachers and other proficient English speaking peers helped me to adapt to the new curriculum. The school also provided similar conditions for me to work with more proficient peers in the classroom and I know that this interaction helped me in first learning and then acquiring my second language. Vygotsky (1978) (cited in Coelho, 2004) states that when a child is acquiring their first language they learn best by interacting with peers that are at a higher level in language development than themselves they will learn better. He calls this the child’s proximal development zone, which is defined as the level just beyond where the child is at. I now know that a similar process is evident in acquiring a second

Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Types, Causes and Treatments

Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Types, Causes and Treatments The digestive system plays a huge role in the survival in all living animals and our digestive system, through a series of physical and chemical changes, breaks down the food we eat into molecules that are absorbed and used by the cells in our bodies. Like many things in life, we often take advantage of the systems in our body and do not take proper care of our bodies. We only seem to pay attention to them when something is going wrong. Inflammatory bowel disease, also known as IBD, is one of many common diseases that affect hundreds of thousands of people in North America every year. Inflammatory bowel disease is not a disease in itself; rather it is a name for a group of similar disorders. The two main types of inflammatory bowel disease are known as Crohns disease and Ulcerative colitis. Both disorders cause parts of the digestive tract (most commonly the large or small intestines) to become inflamed. This paper will outline some details about inflammatory bowel disease including its causes, diagnoses treatment, life style changes made when diagnosed, and some other issues. Causes of IBD Doctors and scientists have been researching the cause, but they are still not certain as to what exactly causes them. It is believed that the inflammation caused by IBD is contributed to by three main factors. These factors are the genes one inherits, ones immune system, and a foreign substance (an antigen) in the environment. It is believed that this foreign substance is either directly causing the inflammation or the antigen triggers the bodys immune system. Once the immune system is triggered it begins to produce inflammation as an attempt to destroy the antigen, but in cases of IBD inflammation can not be controlled. Though the patients immune system begins to defend the body, it does not know how to properly stop at the correct time which may cause extreme damages to the digestive tract due to inflammation and eventually will cause ulcers (sores) 1. Other causes of IBD have to do with ones genetic make up. It is believed that IBD can be linked to ones race, family history and genes. IBD can affect some ethnic groups more than others. IBD was first believed to only affect Caucasians but recent reports have changed that view. There is a rate of 149/100,000 Caucasians that are infected in America, but Jews of European descent living in North America are 4-5 times more likely to contract the disease than people of other ethnicities2. There are also reports of higher cases of IBD in those of African descent, but there are lower infection rates in Asians and Hispanics. Studies also show that 10-20% of people who are affected by IBD will have a family history of having the disease. This means that greatest possible risk to contracting IBD is if someone in your family has been diagnosed with it before. Those who have family members who have been affected are 10 times more likely to be infected and if the infected relative is a brother o r sister, chances of getting IBD increases 30 fold3. Scientists also have come to believe that the NOD2 gene may be linked with IBD Symptoms Inflammatory bowel disease is not curable and will affect patients sporadically through out their lives. Symptoms vary from person to person when it comes to IBD and will flare up and die down at different times in a patients life. The most common symptoms are diarrhea, cramps and rectal bleeding. IBD can also affect ones joints, eyes, and skin and some children who suffer from Crohns may experience delayed growth and sexual development. IBD is a disease that will affect a patient for many years and symptoms will come and go, sometimes more severe than other times. Along with typical symptoms patients may feel other complications as well. Common complications in patients of IBD include intestinal blockages caused by swelling. The blockage will lead to narrower intestinal passages and thicker bowel walls. Medication can be used to remove these blockages, but if they are serious they may need surgery. Nutrional deficiencies may also be a complication often occurring in those who have b een diagnosed with IBD for a very long time. Their bodies will have troubles with absorbing proteins and vitamins, which may lead to a deficiency. Vitamin supplements may be needed in these cases. Sores and ulcers are also a common complication. The ulcers may cause a fistula (a hole that leads from one loop of the intestine to another) to develop. These holes may lead to the bladder, vagina or skin and may become infected. If small enough, fistulas may be treated with drugs, but if serious enough surgery may be required.5 Chrons Disease There are 5 main types of Crohns disease based on the general area that is being affected. The complications and symptoms of Crohns are different depending on what area of the intestines are inflamed. Ileocolitis: This is the most common form of Crohns disease that affects the ileum. The symptoms that come with ileocolitis include pain in middle of the abdomen, cramping, and diarrhea. Ileocolitis can also cause weight loss. Ileitis: This form of Crohns only affects the ileum, but results in the same symptoms as ileocolitis. Gastroduodenal Crohns disease: Occurs in the stomach the duodenum. Symptoms may include loss of appetite, nausea, and weight loss Jejunoilletis: Jejunoiletis causes patchy areas of inflammation in the jejunum. Symptoms include cramps following meals, diarrhea and include pain in the abdominal region that ranges from mild to severe. Crohns colitis: This form of Crohns only affects the colon and causes diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and other diseases around the anus including ulcers.6 Ulcerative Colitis There are also many form of ulcerative colitis, but they have almost the exact same symptom as some forms of Crohns disease. Ulcerative Procitis: The inflammation in located in the rectum and in mild cases, rectal bleeding may be the only symptom. In more serious cases one may feel sudden urges to go to the bathroom and tenesumus which is a term describing painful and ineffective bowel movements. Proctosigmoiditis: Inflammation is located in the rectum and the last section of the colon (sigmoid colon). The symptoms are the same of those that come with ulcerative procitis. Left-sided Colitis: Inflamation in the left side of the colon (rectum, sigmoid colon, and descending colon). Also called limited or distal colitis. The symptoms caused by left-sided colitis are pain on the left side of the abdomen, weightloss and diarreah.7 Diagnosis According to the Crohns Colitis Foundation of Canada by fall of 2008, about 200 000 Canadian8 and according to the Crohns Colitis Foundation of America about 1.4 million Americans9 have been diagnosed with IBD. IBD tends to infect those who are between the ages 15-35 years of age, but is not limited to those few. It can also occur in younger children and people as old as 70. A staggering 10% of those who are affected by IBD are under the age of 18. Because of the high rate of IBD it is important to have the disease properly diagnosed. Inflammatory bowel diseases symptoms are very similar to many other diseases so doctors must be careful when diagnosing the disease and it may take a long time. Some common tests to diagnose IBD include endoscopies examining the colon, the sigmoid colon, esophagus, or the liver and pancreatic duct. Different types of radiology test can be used as well including x-rays, CT scans, MRI, white blood cell scans, and ultrasounds. Sometimes a small piece of tissue from the infected area may be cut out for closer analysis. This can further help doctors diagnose IBD.10 Treatment As of now, there isnt any known cure for IBD. Once a patient is diagnosed IBD it is important to properly treat the disorder in order to keep ones symptoms in check. The most common form of treatment is the usage of medication. There are many types of drugs used to treat patients with IBD. Aminosalicylates are one type of drug used that are meant to subside inflammation caused by IBD and is usually used to treat mild symptoms. Asacol, ® Colazal,. ® Dipentum, ® orPentasa, ® are all examples of aminosalicylates. Corticosteroids, the second type of drug which is usually used in moderate to severe cases, are given to patients to suppress ones immune system. Prednisone and methylprednisolone are the types of corticosteroids and they can be dangerous because they may cause some long-term side effects. The third type of drug used to treat IBD are immune modifiers. These are used to heal fistulas in the intestinal tract and to help reduce ones dosage of corticosteroids. Azathioprine (Imuran ®), 6-MP (Purinethol ®), and methotrexateImmune modifiers are some examples of this. Just like many other diseases IBD can also be treated with the use of Antibiotics. Antibiotics like metronidazole, ampicillin, and ciprofloxacin, are just a few of the types that can be used. Also biological therapies can be used to treat IBD. There are many types and each serves a different purpose. For example Inflixmiab (Remicade ®) is a drug made of 75 percent human, 25 percent mouse protein and is an antibody. This antibodies function is to block ones immune system. This blockage stops the immune system from making a chemical called tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a chemical that is made by the bodys immune system to intensify inflammation within the body. By stopping the immune system from making TNF-alpha, inflammation caused by IBD can be prevented.11 Eventually medicine will not be enough to control the symptoms of IBD. 66%-75% of people diagnosed with Crohns will eventually need surgery in their lives. Surgery may be needed to repair a fistula, clear blockage in the intestines, or to remove a section of the intestines. In cases of IBD, surgerys main function is to try and keep as much as the bowels intact and helps patients live a high quality life.12 Societal issues and Life Style Changes Along with proper medication certain lifestyle changes can be made in order to reduce ones symptoms and improve overall health. Special care should be taken to make sure one is receiving a healthy diet. Often those who are diagnosed with IBD have a loss of appetite because of nausea which may lead to an improper amount of food intake. The disease also increases the amount of calories needed by the body. Also IBD causes diarrhea and is linked to problems with absorption of protein, fat, carbohydrates and water. All of these take away essential nutrients from the body and proper nutrition can help return those nutrients to the body. Also when experiencing some of the symptoms of IBD one should avoid eating any high-fiber and spicy foods because they may cause even more discomfort.13 Inflammatory bowel disease is very common among people in North America and because of this people may feel emotionally stressed when they find out they are diagnosed with IBD. This is a major societal issue because of how common IBD is. People may struggle to cope with the chronic pain accompanied with IBD. It will begin to really affect ones quality of life. Ones physical and emotional well being, self-esteem, and ability to function in social groups may be affected. Patients who are diagnosed with IBD should try to receive emotional support from their families and doctors. Though psychiatric help is not mandatory it may also be a good idea to talk to a therapist. Stress plays a role in IBD. One should try reducing stress to help avoid a flare in their symptoms. Regular Exercise, yoga, and listening to music are just a few ways to relieve stress.14 Environmental Issues Researches do not know why, but IBD is more common in areas that are more developed. Cases of IBD are usually found in the U.S. and Europe. IBD is more common in northern climate and in urban areas, rather than southern climates and rural areas.15 Societal Issues As previously stated Crohns and Ulcerative Colitis do not have a known cure and are a life long disease. IBD is treated with numerous types of medications and surgery. The problem with this is that those who are uninsured and are diagnosed with IBD must pay thousands of dollars over the courses of their life in order to pay for medicine and surgery. In fact reports from the market research firm GlobalData states that in 2008 $1.4 billion in revenue was made from sales of medication related to Crohns That number is expected to go up to $2.1 billion by 2015.16 Ethical Issues There have been cases where people with Crohns have received stem-cell transplantation. One boy was diagnosed with Crohns disease when he was 13 and had received regular treatment for Crohns. He eventually developed non-Hodgkins lymphoma when he was 20 and received a stem cell transplantation to fight the lymphoma.. He did not receive the stem cell for his Crohns, but for 7 years after the transplantation he did not have any symptoms for Crohns17.This raises a question whether or not stem cell research should be used to treat IBD. Stem cell research has raised many debates on how ethical it is. There have been many debates whether or not stem cell research should be allowed or not. Conclusion There currently is not a cure for IBD, but those who have been diagnosed should be aware of symptoms, causes, and the all the possible things they can do to improve their lives. Research is being done and scientists have been working hard to try and improve treatment for IBD and eventually find the cure. People who have been diagnosed will face some challenges, but they should go on to live long healthy and happy lives.

Constitution in USA Essay

A constitution is either a written (codified) or unwritten (uncodified) body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state is acknowledged to be governed. Generally, a constitution is only written after a major event. In the case of America their constitution was written in 1787, after the American Revolutionary War came to a close. There are a number of issues with America’s constitution which make it, arguably, unfit for the 21st century. The most apparent issue with the constitution is the overall ambiguity that it’s based upon. Take for example the eighth amendment which forbids the federal government from imposing cruel or unusual punishments on American citizens. However, what’s classed as a cruel or unusual punishment? Many have argued that capital punishment can be seen as a cruel punishment, which has led to some states, such as Illinois, abolishing the death penalty altogether. Though, despite eighteen states abolishing the death penalty so far, there has been no move to amend the constitution to include the death penalty as an example of ‘cruel punishment’. Another example of an ambiguous amendment is the first amendment which protects the right to free speech as well as freedom of religion. However, how far this amendment applies has been questioned on numerous occasions. For example, Texas passed a law which prevented flag desecration (burning of the American flag), however the Supreme Court overturned the Texas law due to it violating citizen’s first amendment right as flag desecration is seen as an expression of belief, which the first amendment protects. This has led to numerous calls for flag desecration being outlawed via a constitutional amendment, however just like the eight amendment this would be incredibly hard to achieve. This is purely due to how difficult it is to amend the American constitution. The American constitution’s amendment process is long and difficult, which is mainly due to it requiring a supermajority. A supermajority is where 2/3rds of both houses of Congress have to agree to the amendment put forward. Even if either house falls short by one vote, the amendment is dropped. This process was made to be hard intentionally by the Founding Fathers. This was  because they believed that the constitution shouldn’t be constantly changing, and so they created the need for a supermajority to stop the federal government from making rash, in the moment, decisions which they could grow to regret later on. However, it is this founding belief that has made the constitution, arguably, untenable for the 21st century, which can be contributed to Congress’ explosive growth over the last 200 years. For example, in 1789 there were only 65 Representatives in the House of Representatives, which grew to 435 by 1963 and plateaued due to the House of Representative s being capped in 1911. This is an increase of 370 over a period of 174 years (meaning that there were two new Representatives every year). This continually increased the amount of people who had to work in unison to pass constitutional amendments, and as evidenced by the 1911 Act which capped the size of the House of Representatives, America grew far more than the Founding Fathers had originally intended. The constitution can also be seen as unfit for the 21st century due to an ever increasing political pace, as well as rapidly changing circumstances which have led to very different outcomes when compared to the British political system. This can mainly be seen with gun control which is protected in America by the second amendment (â€Å"Right to bear arms†) despite the amount of shootings which have occurred in recent times. An example of this would be the Sandy Hook shooting, which occurred on December 14th 2012 at an elementary school in Connecticut. This caused nationwide outrage which in turn caused support for disarmament groups to increase. However, after several months the support fell away and no constitutional amendments were put through, despite pledges and campaigns from Barrack Obama and Joe Biden. Now, when compared to England, there was a shooting spree in a Dunblane Primary School in 1996. Following national outrage, much alike that caused by Sandy Hook, guns were criminalised by an Act of Parliament, which was significantly easier to do as the UK does not have a written constitution, rather an unwritten one which is drawn from several sources. However, despite the faults with the American constitution, it must be fit for purpose if it still exists. This is because if it wasn’t fit for  purpose, and didn’t work at all, it would have been scraped by one of the American administrations after its conception. This is mainly aided by the argument that the constitution’s ambiguity is what allows it to adapt to changing circumstances as well as its ability to change without formal review. What is meant by this is the fact that the Supreme Court can uphold or repeal earlier decisions made in relation to the constitution, meaning that if the correct decisions were repealed the constitution could be drastically changed.

A Realistic Approach to Regional Security in Israel

Abstract Israel has complex security concerns that include both Palestinian and Syrian concerns. The roots of the problem are complex and vast. To deal with these, this essay, therefore, focused on the prime challenges, as well as obstacles to resolving them. This essay then propounded a list of five policies that can be grafted in order to endeavor to craft a solution in each of these areas. It is recommended too that America actively involve herself since, by so doing, America is simultaneously working towards ameliorating her own terrorist concerns. The essay is only a rough draft for security in the area. It needs to be worked on, and more needs to be done in order to ensure a lasting peace. Outline A Realistic Approach to Regional Security in Israel Why the USA should care 2. Substantive Issues to be Resolved 2.1 Israel-Palestine a. Territory b. Security c. Jerusalem d. Refugees 2.2. Israel-Syria a. Territory b. Water c. Security d. Iran-Lebanon-Hamas. Obstacles to successful negotiations Mutual distrust Weak governments and disunity in Israel West Bank-Gaza/Fatah-Hamas split. External negative influence Three Key Objectives Five Proposed Policies Conclusion: Addressing Israels security challenges. Israeli Security Concerns Introduction A Realistic Approach to Regional Security in Israel Restoring security to the Land of Israel (not that it ever had) is an issue that is so complex, and partisan, complicated as it is withShow MoreRelatedThe Rise And Fall Of The Oslo Accords Essay1505 Words   |  7 PagesArticle Review: The Rise and Fall of the Oslo Accords According to an apocryphal story, Pope John Paul once said that he believes there are two possible solutions to the Arab-Israeli conflict, the realistic and the miraculous. The realistic being divine intervention, and the miraculous being a voluntary agreement by both parties. 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